Hydraulic Motors

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A hydraulic motor converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy: a rotating shaft. It uses hydraulic pressure and flow to generate torque and rotation.

You can use hydraulic motors for many applications, such as winches, crane drives, self-driven cranes, excavators, mixer and agitator drives, roll mills, etc.

Note: The design of a hydraulic motor and a hydraulic pump are very similar. For this reason, some pumps with fixed displacement volumes can may also be used as hydraulic motors.

How DTA Can Help You:

DTA has extensive expertise with hydraulic motors and carries a substantial inventory of motors from several major vendors. Depending on your requirements, DTA can supply high-quality hydraulic motors, taking into account a wide variety of functional and hydraulic system requirements.

DTA supplies hydraulic motors from high quality manufacturers, such as Calzoni, Denison Hydraulics, Parker, and Staffa Kawasaki. We can provide premium build hydraulic motors, as well as motor spare parts, service and installation manuals.

Different Types of Hydraulic Motors

The hydraulic motor must be geared to hydraulic system requirements; issues such as load, range of load, speed, serviceability, etc. must be taken into account. There are different types of hydraulic motors, as noted below:

Hydraulic gear motors

• Hydraulic gear motor
• Epicyclic gear motor

Hydraulic vane motors

• Balanced vane motor

Hydraulic piston motors

• Axial piston motor
• Radial piston motor

Part-turn actuators

• Rotary actuator
• Rack and pinion actuator

The power produced by a hydraulic motor is determined by the flow and pressure drop of the motor. The displacement and pressure drop of the motor determines the torque it generates. The power output is thus directly proportional to the speed. The motors range from high speed motors of up to 10,000 rpm to low speed motors with a minimum of 0.5 rpm.

Note that low speed hydraulic motors are designed in such a way that large torques are generated at low speeds. High speed motors have better operational characteristics at speeds that are at least higher than 500 rpm.

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Hydraulic gear motors are often used in mobile hydraulics and in agricultural machinery to drive conveyer belts, dispersion plates, screw conveyors or fans.

There are two different types of hydraulic gear motors. The gear motor, which is very similar in design to the external gear pump, is a high speed motor. The epicyclic gear motor, also known as an orbit or gear ring motor, is a slow speed motor.

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Hydraulic vane motors are used in both industrial applications, such as screw-drive and injection moulding, and mobile applications, such as agricultural machinery. Hydraulic vane motors have less internal leakage than gear motors and are therefore better suited for lower speeds: about 100 rpm minimum. The maximum operating pressure of hydraulic vane motors is between 100 and 140 bar, and theyre used in both hydraulics and pneumatics.

Key features of hydraulic vane motors are:

• Low noise level
• Low flow pulsation
• High torque at low speeds
• Simple design 
• Easy serviceability
• Vertical installation friendly

In order to operate correctly, the vanes of the rotor have to be pressed against the inside of the motor housing. This is generally taken care of with spiral or leaf springs, but rods can be used as well. This precaution prevents issues with stationary motors, such as the vanes sinking into the grooves and causing the oil to flow over it instead against it. Most often, the rotor is hollow, thus enabling it to be easily mounted on a spline shaft.

Typical parameters:

• Displacement volume: 9 to 214 cc
• Maximum pressure: up to 230 bar
• Range of speeds: 100 to 2,500 rpm
• Maximum torque: up to 650 Nm

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Hydraulic piston motors are used to drive mobile and construction equipment, winches, ship-cranes, and all kinds of heavy-duty hydraulic equipment for offshore and onshore operations.

Hydraulic piston motors combine high speeds with large displacement volumes at higher operating pressures. If your operation requires a significant amount of power, a hydraulic piston motor is the best option. Whether your heavy-duty installation needs high torques or high speeds determines the choice of either a radial piston or axial piston motor.

Multi-stroke piston motors increase displacement substantially because each piston carries out multiple strokes per revolution of the shaft. Hence, a hydraulic multi-stroke piston motor produces high operating torques.

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Part-turn actuators are mainly used for bunker slides, opening butterfly valves, and for push, pull, lift and mix operations.

This type of actuator, also known as a rotary actuator, can only rotate left or right over an angle of 300°. They operate at pressures around 70 bar. Part-turn actuators are much smaller than cylinders and do not have any external moving parts.

Part-turn actuators are very simple in design. There are two versions: one has two wings on the axle, and the other one has two internal dividers. This construction brings the swivel bracket back to around 120° and doubles the torque. The first version is prone to a low, continuous leakage rate along the wing. This means that, during operation, the rotary actuator must be under constant pressure in order to perform properly.

Part-turn actuators perform a slewing motion across a shaft end when pressurised with hydraulic fluid, regardless of the type or design of the unit. The angle that a part-turn actuator moves through is limited by fixed or adjustable stops. Due to this, the range of applications in which part-turn actuators may be used is limited.

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